>Bil race - Car race<
The beginning of race cars
Racing began soon after the construction of the first successful petrol-fueled
autos. In 1894, the first contest was organized by Paris magazine Le Perit
Journal, a reliability test to determine best performance. But the race was
changed to Paris to Rouen 1894. Competitors included factory vehicles from Karl
Benz's Benz & Cie. and Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach's DMG.
In 1895, one year later, the first real race was staged in France, from Paris to
Bordeaux. First over the line was Émile Levassor but he was disqualified because
his car was not a required four-seater.
An international competition began with the Gordon Bennett Cup in auto racing.
The first auto race in the United States took place in Evanston, Illinois on
November 28, 1895 over an 87.48-km (54.36 mile) course, with Frank Duryea
winning in 10 hours and 23 minutes, beating three petrol-fueled and two electric
cars.[1] The first trophy awarded was the Vanderbilt Cup.
City to city racing
Fernand Gabriel driving a Mors in Paris-Madrid 1903With auto construction and
racing dominated by France, the French automobile club ACF staged a number of
major international races, usually from or to Paris, connecting with another
major city in Europe or France.
These very successful races ended in 1903 when Marcel Renault was involved in a
fatal accident near Angouleme in the Paris-Madrid race. Nine fatalities caused
the French government to stop the race in Bordeaux and ban open-road
racing.[citation needed]
1910-1950
The 1930s saw the transformation from high-priced road cars into pure racers,
with Delage, Auto Union, Mercedes-Benz, Delahaye, and Bugatti constructing
streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW (612 hp), aided by
multiple-stage supercharging. From 1928-1930 and again in 1934-1936, the maximum
weight permitted was 750 kg, a rule diametrically opposed to current racing
regulations. Extensive use of aluminium alloys was required to achieve light
weight, and in the case of the Mercedes, the paint was removed to satisfy the
weight limitation, producing the famous Silver Arrows.
Single-seater racing
A modern Formula One car: Michael Schumacher's Ferrari at the 2005 United States
Grand Prix.Single-seater (open-wheel) racing is one of the most popular forms of
motorsport, with cars designed specifically for high-speed racing. The wheels
are not covered, and the cars often have aerofoil wings front and rear to
produce downforce and enhance adhesion to the track. In Europe and Asia, open
wheeled racing is commonly referred to as "Formula", with appropriate
hierarchical suffixes. In North America, the "Formula" terminology is not
followed (with the exception of F1). The sport is usually arranged to follow an
"international" format (such as F1), a "regional" format (such as the Formula 3
Euro Series), or a "domestic", or county-specific format (such as the German
Formula 3 championship, or the British Formula Ford).
The best-known variety of single-seater racing, Formula One, involves an annual
World Championship for drivers and constructors of around 18 races a year
featuring major international car and engine manufacturers, and independent
constructors, such as Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz (McLaren), Williams, BMW (Sauber),
Toyota, Honda, Renault, Red Bull Racing - in an ongoing battle of technology and
driver skill and talent. The sport is one of the top five watched sporting
events in the world, alongside the FIFA World Cup, the Olympic Games, the Super
Bowl and the UEFA European Football Championship. Formula One is, by any measure,
the most expensive sport in the world, with some teams spending in excess of
$400 million per year. Formula One is widely considered to be the pinnacle of
motorsports, with the F1 Drivers' Championship being one of, and the oldest
among, only three World Championships awarded each year by the FIA (the others
being the World Touring Car Championship and the World Rally Championship). What
separates Formula 1 from all other forms of open wheel racing, is the basic
premise of F1 revolves around the very important issue that each team is a "constructor".
That is, the chassis of the car must be designed and manufactured in-house, and
chassis can not be supplied to competitors on a "customer" basis. Engines are
usually funded and/or developed by established major motor manufacturers, and
can be supplied exclusively to just one team, or may be offered as "customer"
engines, often to the smaller, lower-ranked teams.
In North America, the cars used in the National Championship (currently Champ
Car (formerly CART, or Championship Auto Racing Teams) and the Indy Racing
League IndyCar Series) have traditionally been similar though to a lower level
of sophistication as F1 cars with more restrictions on technology aimed at
helping to control costs.
Other international single-seater racing series are the A1 Grand Prix (unofficially
often referred to as the "world cup of motorsport"), and the GP2 (formerly known
as Formula 3000 and Formula Two). Regional series include Formula Nippon (specifically
in Asia), Formula Renault 3.5 (also known as the World Series by Renault,
succession series of World Series by Nissan), Formula Three, Formula Palmer Audi
and Formula Atlantic. Domestic, or country-specific series include Formula Three,
Formula Renault, Formula Ford with the leading introductory series being Formula
BMW.
There are other categories of single-seater racing, including kart racing, which
employs a small, low-cost machine on small tracks. Many of the current top
drivers began their careers in karts. Formula Ford once represented a popular
first open-wheel category for up-and-coming drivers stepping up from karts and
now the Formula BMW series is the preferred option as it has introduced an areo
package and slicks, allowing the junior drivers to gain experience in a race car
with dynamics closer F1.
Students at colleges and universities can also take part in single seater racing
through the SAE Formula Student competition, which involves designing and
building a single seater car in a multidisciplinary team, and racing it at the
competition. This also develops other soft skills such as teamwork whilst
promoting motorsport and engineering.
In 2006, producer Todd Baker was responsible for creating the world's first
all-female Formula racing team. The group was an assemblage of drivers from
different racing disciplines, and formed for an MTV reality pilot which was shot
at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca.
In December, 2005 the FIA gave approval to Superleague Formula racing, set to
debut in 2008. This will be open-wheel, single-seat stock car racing around
Grand Prix racetracks. The teams will be owned and run by prominent sports clubs
such as AC Milan and FC Porto. The race weekend will follow the GP2 format of
Saturday qualifying and two Sunday races, one featuring a reverse grid.
Touring car racing
Andy Priaulx leading the World Touring Car Championship 2006 Race 10 in
Curitiba.Touring car racing is a style of road racing that is run with
production derived race cars. It often features exciting, full-contact racing
due to the small speed differentials and large grids.
The V8 Supercars originally from Australia, British Touring Car Championship,
Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters originally from Germany, and the World Touring Car
Championship held with 2 non-European races (previously the European Touring Car
Championship) are the major touring car championships conducted worldwide, along
with a European Touring Cup, a one day event open to Super 2000 specification
touring cars from Europe's many national championships.
The Sports Car Club of America's SPEED World Challenge Touring Car and GT
championships are dominant in North America while the venerable British Touring
Car Championship continues in the United Kingdom. America's historic Trans-Am
Series is undergoing a period of transition, but is still the longest-running
road racing series in the U.S. The National Auto Sport Association also provides
a venue for amateurs to compete in home-built factory derived vehicles on
various local circuits.
Production car racing
Production car racing or known in the US as showroom stock, is an economical and
rules restricted version of touring car racing, mainly to restrict costs.
Many series follow the Group N regulation with a few exceptions. There are
several different series that is run all over the world, most notably, Japan's
Super Taikyu and IMSA's Firehawk Series which ran between the 1980s to 1990s all
over the United States.
One-make racing
One-make, or single marque, championships often employ production-based cars
from a single manufacturer or even a single model from a manufacturer's range.
There are numerous notable one-make formulae from various countries and regions,
some of which – such as the Porsche Supercup and, previously, IROC – have
fostered many distinct national championships. Single marque series are often
found at club level, to which the production-based cars, limited modifications,
and close parity in performance are very well suited. There are also
single-chassis single seater formulae, such as Formula Ford, Formula Saab,
Formula BMW, and defunct Formula Vee, usually as "feeder" series for "senior"
race formula (in the fashion of farm teams).
Stock car racing
One of the most famous tracks was the old Riverside International Raceway in
Riverside, California.Main article: Stock car racing
Stock car racing, the North American equivalent to touring car racing, is the
most-popular form of auto racing (in terms of viewership) on that continent.
Usually conducted on ovals, the cars may slightly resemble production cars but
are in fact purpose-built racing machines which are all almost identical in
specifications. Early stock cars were much closer to production vehicles; the
car to be raced was often driven from track to track. The modern car however is
far removed from the production model which it represents, making the term "stock
car" somewhat incorrect.
The main stock car racing series is NASCAR's Nextel Cup, and among the most
famous races in the series are the Daytona 500 and the Brickyard 400. NASCAR
also runs the Busch Series (a feeder league), the Craftsman Truck Series (pickup
trucks), and the NASCAR Canadian Tire Series (stock car series in Canada).
NASCAR also runs the "modified" cars which are heavily altered from stock, with
powerful engines, large tires, tubular chassis and light bodies. NASCAR's oldest
series is considered by many to be its most exciting.
There are also other stock car series, such as ARCA, NASCAR Canada and NASCAR
Mexico Corona Series.
British Stock car racing is a form of Short Oval Racing. This takes place on
shale or tarmac tracks in either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction depending
on the class, some of which allow contact. Races are organized by local
promoters and all drivers are registered with BRISCA and have their own race
number. What classes exist depends on the promoter, so events in Scotland at
Cowdenbeath can be very different from an event at Wimbledon Stadium in London.
Rallying
A Ford Escort RS Cosworth, driven by Malcolm Wilson on a stage rally.Rallying,
or rally racing, involves two classes of car. The modified Group A, but road
legal, production based cars and the Group N Production cars compete on (closed)
public roads or off-road areas run on a point-to-point format where participants
and their co-drivers “rally” to a set of points, leaving in regular intervals
from start points. A rally is typically conducted over a number of 'special
stages' of any terrain, which entrants are often allowed to scout beforehand at
reduced speeds compiling detailed shorthand descriptions of the track or road as
they go. These detailed descriptions are known as 'pace notes'. During the
actual rally, the co-driver reads the pace notes aloud (using an in-helmet
intercom system) to the driver, enabling them to complete each stage as quickly
as possible. Competition is based on lowest total elapsed time over the course
of an event's special stages, including penalties.
The top series is the World Rally Championship (WRC), but there also regional
championships and many countries have their own national championships. Some
famous rallies include the Monte Carlo Rally, Rally Argentina, Rally Finland and
Rally GB. Another famous event (actually best described as a "rally raid") is
the Paris-Dakar Rally. There are also many smaller, club level, categories of
rallies which are popular with amateurs, making up the "grass roots" of motor
sports.
Targa Racing (Targa Rally)
A Toyota MR2 , driven by Adam Spence in the 2006 Targa Tasmania prologue
stage.Targa is a tarmac-based road rally which is run all around the world. This
began with the Targa Florio. There are many races including Targa Tasmania held
on the island state of Tasmania, Australia, run annually since 1992. The event
takes its name from the Targa Florio, a former motoring event held on the island
of Sicily. The competition concept is drawn directly from the best features of
the Mille Miglia, the Coupe des Alpes and the Tour de Corse. Other events around
the world include the Targa Newfoundland based in Canada, Targa West based in
Western Australia, Targa New Zealand and other smaller events.
Drag racing
In drag racing, the objective is to complete a given straight-line distance,
from a standing start, ahead of a vehicle in a parallel lane. This distance is
traditionally ¼ mile (400 m), though 1/8 mile (200 m) has become popular since
the 1990s. The vehicles may or may not be given the signal to start at the same
time, depending on the class of racing. Vehicles range from the everyday car to
the purpose-built dragster. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class.
Average street cars cover the ¼ mile in from 15 to 20 seconds whereas a top fuel
dragster takes 4.5 seconds or less, reaching speeds of up to 530 km/h (330 mph).
Drag racing was organized as a sport by Wally Parks in the early 1950s through
the NHRA (National Hot Rod Association), the largest motorsports sanctioning
body in the world. The NHRA was formed to discourage street racing.
Launching, a top fuel dragster will accelerate at 4.5 g (44 m/s²), and when
braking parachutes are deployed the deceleration is 4 g (39 m/s²), more than the
Space Shuttle experinces. A top fuel car can be heard over 8 miles (13 km) away
and generates a reading of 1.5 to 2 on the Richter scale.
Drag racing is two cars head-to-head, the winner proceeding to the next round.
Professional classes are all first to the finish line wins. Sportsman racing is
handicapped (slower car getting a head start) using an index (a lowest e.t.
allowed), and cars running under (quicker than) their index "break out" and
lose. The slowest cars, bracket racers, are also handicapped, but rather than an
index, they use a "dial-in".
Sports car racing
The Audi R8 was one of the most successful sports prototypes ever made, seen
here at Road Atlanta.In sports car racing, production versions of sports and/or
GT cars, and purpose-built prototype cars compete within their respective
classes on closed circuits. The races are often conducted over long distances,
at least 1000 km, and cars are driven by teams of two or three drivers (and
sometimes more in the US), switching every now and then. Due to the performance
difference between production based sports cars and sports racing prototypes,
one race usually involves several racing classes. In the US the American Le Mans
Series (ALMS) was organized in 1999, featuring GT1, GT2, and two prototype
classes, LMP1 (Le Mans Prototype 1) and LMP2. Manufacturers such as Audi and
Acura/Honda field or support entries in the Prototype class. Another series
based on Le Mans began in 2004, the Le Mans Endurance Series, which included
four 1000 km races at tracks in Europe. A competing body, Grand-Am, which began
in 2000, sanctions its own endurance series the Rolex Sports Car Series.
Famous sports car races include the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the 24 Hours of
Daytona, 24 Hours of Spa-Franchorchamps, the 12 Hours of Sebring, and the
1000-mile Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta.
Off-road racing
In off-road racing, various classes of specially modified vehicles, including
cars, compete in races through off-road environments. In North America these
races often take place in the desert, such as the famous Baja 1000. In Europe,
"offroad" refers to events such as autocross or rallycross, while desert races
and rally-raids such as the Paris-Dakar, Master Rallye or European "bajas" are
called "cross-country rallies."
Kart racing
Although often seen as the entry point for serious racers into the sport, kart
racing, or karting, can be an economic way for amateurs to try racing and is
also a fully fledged international sport in its own right. World-famous
F1-drivers like Michael Schumacher or Fernando Alonso and most of the typical
starting grid of a modern Grand Prix took up the sport at around the age of
eight, with some testing from age three. Several former motorcycle champions
have also taken up the sport, notably Wayne Rainey, who was paralysed in a
racing accident and now races a hand-controlled kart. As one of the cheapest
ways to go racing, karting is seeing its popularity grow worldwide.
Go-karts, or just "karts" - seem very distant from normal road cars, with
diminutive frames and wheels, but a small engine combined with very light weight
make for a quick machine. The tracks are also on a much smaller scale, making
kart racing more accessible to the average enthusiast.
Historical racing
As modern motor racing is centered on modern technology with a lots of corporate
sponsors and politics involved, historical racing tends to be the opposite. As
it relies on cars of a particular era it is more hobbyist oriented, reducing
corporate sponsorship and politics. Events are regulated to only allow cars of a
certain era to participate. The only modern equipment used is related to safety
and timing. A historical event can be of various different motorsport
disciplines. Notably some of the most famous events of them all are the Goodwood
Festival of Speed and Goodwood Revival in Britain and Monterey Historic in the
United States. Championships range from "grass root" Austin Seven racing to the
FIA Thoroughbred Grand Prix Championship for classic Formula One chassis.
While there are several professional teams and drivers in historical racing,
this branch of auto sport tends to be contested by wealthy car owners and is thus more amateur and laid back in its approach.
Please look up the danish driver
Jason Watt-tourenwagenchauffor
Fünf Dänen, drei ehemalige DTM-Piloten, zwei
Vater-Sohn-Gespanne: Der ehemalige DTM-Champion Kurt Thiim sowie seine dänischen
Landsleute Peter Elgaard und Jason Watt treten beim siebten Lauf zum ADAC
Volkswagen Polo Cup auf dem Nürburgring (19./20. August) als Gaststarter an. Relaterede kunstnere:
Palle Pirat
. Palle Pirat
Duoshow - Palle Pirat Juleshow .
Peter Nørgaard - tryl - balloner - bugtaling - gangs
.
Peter Pan .
Postmand Per .
Preben Palsgaard .
Prop og Berta .
Pyrus .
Raffus
.
Kontakt:
bilrace@bilrace.dk